Trademark application rejected — ‘likelihood of confusion’

I applied for a trademark for my SaaS company name about 6 months ago. Just got an office action from the USPTO examining attorney citing "likelihood of confusion" with an existing registered mark. The cited mark is in a similar but not identical industry.

My mark is "GRIDFLOW" for project management software. The cited mark is "GRIDFORCE" for workforce management software. The examining attorney says the marks are "similar in sound, appearance, and commercial impression" and the goods/services are "related."

I have 6 months to respond. Is this worth fighting? I've already been using the name for two years and I really don't want to rebrand.

Likelihood of confusion refusals under Lanham Act § 2(d) (15 U.S.C. § 1052(d)) are the most common substantive basis for trademark refusals. They're serious but not always fatal. The analysis depends on the DuPont factors (from In re E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 476 F.2d 1357 (CCPA 1973)), which include:

• Similarity of the marks (sound, appearance, meaning, commercial impression)
• Similarity/relatedness of the goods or services
• Similarity of the trade channels (how and where the products are marketed)
• Conditions of purchase (sophistication of buyers)
• Strength of the cited mark
• Evidence of actual confusion (or lack thereof)

In your case, "GRIDFLOW" and "GRIDFORCE" share the prefix "GRID" but differ in the suffix. The key question is whether "GRID" is a weak or descriptive element in the software space. If many companies use "GRID" in their marks for software products, you can argue it's a diluted prefix that consumers don't rely on to distinguish source — they focus on the distinguishing suffix.

Your response options:

1. Argue the marks are distinguishable — focus on differences in meaning, commercial impression, and the sophistication of B2B software purchasers
2. Argue the goods are different — project management vs. workforce management serve different functions, different purchasers
3. Amend your identification of goods — narrow your description to create more distance from the cited registration
4. Submit evidence of coexistence — show that you've used the mark for 2 years with no actual confusion
5. Seek a consent agreement — contact the owner of the cited mark and negotiate a coexistence agreement

Interesting. I just did a quick search on USPTO's TESS database and there are at least 8-10 live registrations that use "GRID" as a prefix for software-related goods. GridLink, GridSync, GridPulse, GridWorks, etc. Does that help my argument about "GRID" being a weak element?

Also, should I try to hire a trademark attorney for the response, or can I handle this myself? I filed the application pro se.

That third-party registration evidence is very useful. Under TTAB precedent (e.g., Jack Wolfskin Ausrustung Fur Draussen GmbH & Co. v. New Millennium Sports, S.L.U., 797 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2015)), the existence of numerous third-party registrations using the same prefix can demonstrate that the shared element is weak and that consumers rely on the differing elements to distinguish marks.

Compile all of those "GRID-" registrations for software/technology goods into a chart and include them in your response. This is often the most persuasive evidence in prefix-sharing cases.

As for hiring an attorney: I strongly recommend it. Office action responses are technical documents with specific legal standards, and the examining attorney you're responding to is a licensed attorney who does this every day. A well-crafted response by a trademark attorney typically runs $1,000-2,500 and significantly improves your chances. A poorly drafted pro se response can actually make things worse by conceding points or missing arguments.

If the response is refused and you go to the TTAB (Trademark Trial and Appeal Board) for an appeal, the process becomes much more complex and attorney representation becomes essentially necessary.

From a branding perspective, I want to offer a slightly different take. Even if you win the trademark fight, are you comfortable operating a brand that's one suffix away from a competitor in a related space? Customer confusion doesn't just matter for legal purposes — it matters for marketing.

I've seen companies win their trademark registration and then spend years explaining to customers that they're not GRIDFORCE. "No, we're GRIDFLOW, it's different." That's a brand tax you pay forever.

I'm not saying give up — rebranding after two years is expensive and painful. But it's worth considering as part of a broader strategic analysis, not just the legal question.

Maya, that's a fair point and something I've thought about. In practice, though, we've had zero customer confusion in two years. GRIDFORCE is primarily used by enterprise staffing companies, and our customers are small tech teams. There's almost no overlap in who we're talking to.

I'm going to hire a trademark attorney to handle the response. The third-party registration evidence feels strong and I think it's worth a shot. I'll also explore reaching out to GRIDFORCE's owner about a coexistence agreement as a backup plan. Thanks for all the thoughtful advice here.